What are the symptoms of heat stroke and what should be done?

In Mexico, the hot season has hit several states with high temperatures, which, at least during the last week, have reached over 40°C in at least 22 entities, such as Guerrero, Jalisco, Coahuila, Morelos, Yucatán and Chihuahua,

In Ciudad Altamirano, Guerrero, the highest temperature was recorded: 46.5 degrees Celsius, between April 27 and May 5.

Although these temperatures are typical of spring, the current intensity has triggered health alerts.

The Ministry of Health has alerted the public about the increase in cases of heat exhaustion, a medical condition that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

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Heat stroke occurs when the body loses its ability to regulate its temperature. This can occur when exercising in the sun or when staying in hot, poorly ventilated environments.

The human body functions at a stable temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. When this temperature rises above 40 degrees Celsius, the functioning of vital organs is disrupted, which can lead to brain damage or even death, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Common symptoms include:

• Red, dry, hot skin (no sweating)
• Confusion or disorientation
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Rapid pulse and rapid breathing
• Fainting or seizures

Vulnerable groups such as young children, the elderly, tourists who are not acclimatized to the climate, and those with chronic illnesses are at greater risk for this condition.

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To prevent heat stroke, experts recommend:

• Avoid physical activities between 11:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.
• Drink at least two liters of water a day, even if you are not thirsty.
• Wear light, light-colored, cotton clothing
• Stay in cool, ventilated places
• Do not remain inside closed vehicles
• Do not expose yourself to the sun for long periods of time, especially during the first hot days.

It is also advisable to gradually adapt the body to the increase in temperature and consume light foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables.

What should be done in case of heat stroke?

If you suspect heat stroke, the most important thing is to act quickly. Move the affected person to a cool place, remove some clothing to promote ventilation, and apply cold compresses to areas such as the armpits, neck, or groin.

If the body temperature exceeds 40 degrees Celsius, it is recommended to bathe the patient with cold water until it drops to 38 degrees Celsius. Cooling should not be continued beyond this point to avoid hypothermia. Water or electrolyte-containing beverages can also be offered, as long as the person is conscious.

In more serious cases, such as loss of consciousness or seizures, it is vital to call 911 or your local emergency number for immediate medical attention. While help arrives, it is essential to remain calm and continue applying cooling measures.

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